Lupine fibreboards are produced from Alaska Lupine (Lupinus nootkatensis). Although almost the entire plant can be utilised for fibreboard production, the samples in this project were made from the aerial growth of the plant. Many plants possess defence mechanisms that deter their use as food sources. The primary defence mechanism of lupine is its high content of bitter compounds, rendering it unsuitable as animal feed. Consequently, in Iceland, its primary use has been for soil stabilisation. The fibreboards are 100% biodegradable without requiring controlled conditions, such as heat, for decomposition.

Several decomposition methods were explored during this project, each yielding slightly different results. A specific method allows the removal of the bitter compounds, enabling the fibre to be used in a variety of applications. The strength and properties of the fibreboards were tested and compared with other known materials. Standard test results indicate that lupine fibreboards exhibit characteristics similar to low-density fibreboard (insulation board) and medium-density fibreboard (MDF). These results suggest that the fibreboard is a promising material. However, the boards are sensitive to water and would require protective treatment to withstand moisture. Tests conducted on their use as food packaging have shown encouraging results.

Iceland is characterised by vast highlands and extensive sand-blown areas where few plants can thrive due to harsh weather conditions and shifting soil. The lupine plant is a legume, which enables it to produce nitrogen, providing nourishment both for itself and other plants, making it a sustainable option. Introduced to Iceland around 1945 to aid in the reclamation of sterile soil, the plant has played a crucial role in soil stabilisation, particularly along the sandy territories of Iceland’s south coast. However, due to its rapid spread, sowing lupine has been prohibited for several decades in Iceland, as it overgrows sensitive ecosystems such as moss and peatlands. Nonetheless, during midsummer, vast fields of lupine bloom across parts of the country, displaying striking blue flowers. Inspired by the abundant biomass of this remarkable plant, this project sought to explore potential uses for its fibres, leading to the development of lupine fibreboards.